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Ten Plays (Translation)
[Paperback - 2006]
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Category: Literature
Sub-category: Drama
Additional Category: Classics
Publisher: Bantam Classics | ISBN: 9780553213638 | Pages: 406
Shipping Weight: .209 | Dimensions: 4.17 x .9 x 6.84 inches

The first playwright of democracy, Euripides wrote with enduring insight and biting satire about social and political problems of Athenian life. In contrast to his contemporaries, he brought an exciting--and, to the Greeks, a stunning--realism to the "pure and noble form" of tragedy. For the first time in history, heroes and heroines on the stage were not idealized: as Sophocles himself said, Euripides shows people not as they ought to be, but as they actually are.

Euripides (Greek:Ευριπίδης) (ca. 480 BC–406 BC) was a tragedian of classical Athens. Along withAeschylusandSophocles, he is one of the three ancient Greek tragedians for whom any plays have survived in full. Some ancient scholars attributed ninety-five plays to him, but the Suda says it was ninety-two at most. Of these, eighteen or nineteen have survived more or less complete (Rhesus is suspect). There are many fragments (some substantial) of most of his other plays. More of his plays have survived intact than those of Aeschylus and Sophocles together, partly because his popularity grew as theirs declined—he became, in the Hellenistic Age, a cornerstone of ancient literary education, along withHomer,Demosthenes, andMenander.Euripides is identified with theatrical innovations that have profoundly influenced drama down to modern times, especially in the representation of traditional, mythical heroes as ordinary people in extraordinary circumstances. This new approach led him to pioneer developments that later writers adapted to comedy, some of which are characteristic of romance. He also became "the most tragic of poets", focusing on the inner lives and motives of his characters in a way previously unknown. He was "the creator of ... that cage which is the theatre ofWilliam Shakespeare's Othello,Jean Racine's Phèdre, ofHenrik IbsenandAugust Strindberg," in which "imprisoned men and women destroy each other by the intensity of their loves and hates". But he was also the literary ancestor of comic dramatists as diverse as Menander andGeorge Bernard Shaw.His contemporaries associated him withSocratesas a leader of a decadent intellectualism. Both were frequently lampooned by comic poets such asAristophanes. Socrates was eventually put on trial and executed as a corrupting influence. Ancient biographies hold that Euripides chose a voluntary exile in old age, dying in Macedonia, but recent scholarship casts doubt on these sources.

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